The Electrocardiogram 102 Years After Einthoven

The electrocardiogram 102 years after Einthoven.

In 2002, we celebrated in the Netherlands the 100th anniversary of Einthoven’s first publication on the electrocardiogram (ECG).1,2 During the past century, the ECG has become indispensable for rapid diagnosis and management of patients with a wide variety of cardiac diseases. As pointed out by Fisch,3 the ECG is an easily available, patient-friendly, noninvasive, inexpensive, and reproducible ...

Derivation of the correct waveform of the human electrocardiogram by Willem Einthoven , 1890 – 1895 Paul Kligfield

In the period 1890 to 1895, Willem Einthoven greatly improved the quality of tracings that could be directly obtained with the capillary electrometer. He then introduced an ingenious correction for the poor frequency response of these instruments, using differential equations. This method allowed him to predict the correct form of the human electrocardiogram, as subsequently revealed by the new...

Derivation of the correct waveform of the human electrocardiogram by Willem Einthoven, 1890-1895.

In the period 1890 to 1895, Willem Einthoven greatly improved the quality of tracings that could be directly obtained with the capillary electrometer. He then introduced an ingenious correction for the poor frequency response of these instruments, using differential equations. This method allowed him to predict the correct form of the human electrocardiogram, as subsequently revealed by the new...

The electrocardiogram after mastectomy.

The Electrocardiogram after Mastectomy

T HE CHARACTERISTICS of the electrocardiographic tracing are determined by three independent variables. The first of these involves the potentials generated by the myocardium during depolarization and repolarization. These potentials can be altered by a wide variety of physiologic states, as well as by intrinsic disease of the myocardium. The second factor relates to the properties of the extra...